Association of a Geminivirus with a Leaf Curl Disease of Sunn Hemp (Crotalaria juncea) in India

Natural occurrence of a geminivirus causing severe leaf curl disease on sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea) was recorded in India. The association of a geminivirus with the disease was demonstrated by whitefly transmission tests and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of DNA fragments of expected sizes with three pairs of degenerate geminivirus primers. The PCR-amplified viral DNA fragments were further characterized by Southern hybridization with a geminivirus probe consisting of the cloned coat protein (CP) gene of Indian tomato leaf curl virus (ITLCV). Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of a PCR-amplified CP fragment revealed that the geminivirus from sunn hemp was different than ITLCV.     

陇南山地生态环境建设基本方略

首先分析了陇南山地的自然地理特点 ,接着归纳总结出了陇南山地主要的生态环境问题及其根源 ,最后提出了在陇南山地加强生态环境建设的总体战略与措施。     

Relationships between Longevity and Linear Type Traits in Holstein Cattle Population of Southern Africa

Relationships between longevity and linear type traits were estimated using data on 34,201 cows with lifetime information and linear type scores. The longevity trait considered was the number of lactations initiated and the linear type traits were rump height, body depth, angularity, rear udder height, fore udder attachment, udder depth, fore teat placement and fore teat length. Fixed effects included in the models were herd year, season of calving and herd-date of classification-classifier and days in milk. Age at first calving and age at classification were included as linear and quadratic covariates. Heritability estimates were low for longevity and moderate for most type traits except rump height and fore teat length. All the phenotypic correlations between longevity and the linear type traits were slightly positive (0.01 to 0.09) except the relationships with rump height and fore teat length which were -0.01 and -0.02, respectively. Genetic correlations between longevity and udder traits as well as angularity were moderate to high and positive (0.22 to 0.48). The only notable negative genetic correlations were longevity with body depth and fore teat length (-0.15 and -0.07, respectively). The genetic correlations suggest that selection for udder traits and angularity should improve longevity in the Holstein cattle population.     

南方菜豆花叶病毒(SBMV)两典型株系特异cDNA和RNA探针的制备及应用

南方菜豆花叶病毒（ＳＢＭＶ）主要有２株系：菜豆株系（ＳＢＭＶ－Ｂ）和豇豆株系（ＳＢＭＶ－Ｃ）,血清学方法不能予以区分。根据已报道的核酸序列设计了２对特异引物,进行ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ扩增并克隆到载体Ｂｌｕｅｓｃｒｉｐｔ中,序列测定予以证实后利用随机引物法合成放射性ｃＤＮＡ探针,再进行体外转译合成地高辛ＵＴＰ标记的ＲＮＡ探针。２种探针均可分别特异地检测Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎｂｌｏｔ膜上的ＳＢＭＶ－Ｂ和ＳＢＭＶ－Ｃ。ＲＮＡ探针检测ＳＢＭＶ－Ｂ和ＳＢＭＶ－Ｃ灵敏度分别为：０．１μｇ和０．０１μｇ。     

RT—PCR检测南方菜豆花叶病毒

根据南方菜豆花叶病毒（ＳＢＭＶ）两株系Ｂ和Ｃ的核酸序列设计两对引物，利用ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ可以特异地区分纯化的和０．２ｇ病叶中的两株系，ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ检测ＳＢＭＶ－Ｂ的灵敏度为１０ｐｇ。     

南方丘陵林下油用牡丹栽培与幼龄期管理关键技术

XIE Guo-quan(Henghe Office of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Cixi, Cixi, Zhejiang 315318)     

基于地形梯度的皖南地区土地利用分布特征

以安徽省皖南地区为例,利用GIS空间分析技术,通过计算高程、坡度和地形位指数等地形梯度上的土地利用分布指数,分析了3种地形梯度上不同土地利用类型的分布特征,探讨了该区土地利用分布特点与地形间的关系。结果表明:(1)研究区在高程0~600 m、坡度0~21°和地形位指数0~1.575 0区域内的面积占皖南地区总面积的93.10%、83.11%和93.89%,影响着该区的土地利用类型分布;(2)土地利用类型分布分层明显,耕地、水域和建设用地主要分布在海拔较低、坡度平缓和地形位指数较小的区域,相应的土地利用分布指数随地形梯度的增大而减少直至趋于0;林地、草地分布则与之相反;(3)依据土地利用和地形的关系,皖南地区土地利用格局趋于合理,但不合理的土地利用方式仍然存在,需要加强其土地利用的规划管理。     

魔芋白绢病病原菌生物学特性及中药提取物药物筛选

采集陕南的魔芋白绢病发病组织进行病原菌分离,对分离菌株进行魔芋组织和植株的致病性验证,并经形态特征和ITS rDNA鉴定为半知菌亚门真菌齐整小核菌(Athelia rolfsii),该菌生长温度为10~37℃,最适温度为30℃,pH 4.0~10.0,最佳pH为7.0。厚朴酚、和厚朴酚、胡椒碱、蛇床子4种中药提取物对白绢病菌丝和菌核均有抑制作用,其中厚朴酚、和厚朴酚的抑制效果最好,对菌丝抑制率达100%。研究结果为魔芋白绢病的生物防治提供了一种新途径。     

宁南黄土丘陵区新型集流造林工程的规划设计与应用

为了探索在小流域土壤侵蚀治理基础上的雨水集蓄利用技术和模式,以半干旱黄土丘陵区国家重点治理小流域为研究对象,遵循坡地水量平衡原理和雨水叠加利用理论,提出了一种新型小流域坡地集雨蓄水工程整地造林技术—“88542”集流水平沟。研究这类工程的内涵、集流潜力及其断面参数。并对工程集蓄的径流通过典型工程应用,分析研究了集流水平沟对土壤水分的恢复调控和土壤的改良效果。结果表明,在半干旱黄土丘陵地区适宜修建“88542”集流水平沟,在0~100 cm土层,与自然坡面相比土壤平均含水量提高5.26%;粉砂粒和粘粒含量提高0.67%和1.53%;有机质提高80%;容重降低11.59%;土壤饱和持水量、田间持水量、毛管持水量、总孔隙度、透气度分别增加了0.63%、2.03%、1.92%、2.71%、5.29%,而且林木的生长量也大幅度提高。     

陕南贫困山区魔芋产业发展现状和问题及对策建议

陕南贫困山区是全国魔芋种植的主产区和优势产区。该区气候温暖湿润,土壤含硒丰富,适宜魔芋生长。魔芋产业发展具有生态环境、生产、品质、研发和品牌的优势,但依然存在基础性研究较低、品种选育缓慢、资金投入不足等问题。建议制定优惠政策,扶持魔芋产业;加强优质魔芋种植基地建设;注重产品开发;强化富硒魔芋品牌建设等,以促进陕南贫困山区村域经济发展和农民增收及魔芋产业稳健发展。